Wild Bergamot

Wild bergamot is a clump-forming herbaceous perennial in the mint family, widespread across North America. It typically grows 2 to 4 feet (61 to 122 cm) tall. Its pale purple or dusky pink flowers form in whorls from mid-summer to early autumn. Bloom periods are listed as June into September or as July to August. The flowers draw bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, and the plant is listed as deer and rabbit resistant.

The aromatic, grayish-green leaves may be used in teas.

Sowing. Sow the seeds in flats, barely covering them. Transplant seedlings into individual containers once they have their first true leaves, then move them outside in spring or summer, 6 to 8 weeks after starting the seeds. You can also direct sow outdoors from early spring until 8 weeks before the first fall frost. Seeds usually sprout in 7 to 14 days when kept at 60 to 70 °F (16 to 21 °C).

Site and soil. Plant it in full sun or partial shade. Grow it in fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil. One page says it tolerates poor, dry soil, while another says it performs best in moderately moist soil.

Dividing and propagation. Seed is the recommended propagation method. Clumps can be lifted and divided every three years, in early spring before new growth begins. Basal softwood cuttings are another option.

Watering. Do not let the soil dry out in summer. The plant tolerates occasional drought, but water-stressed plants are more prone to mildew.

Deadheading and cutting back. Deadheading regularly should encourage more flowers. Native bees nest in the hollow dead stems, so cut dead stems back only to 12 to 24 inches (30 to 61 cm) and let them stand until they break down on their own. Another option is to cut stems to the ground in autumn, or leave seed heads standing for winter structure.

Pests. Slugs may be a problem, especially in spring. The plant is resistant to damage by deer and rabbits.

Powdery mildew. Powdery mildew may be a problem in hot, dry weather. Powdery mildew can affect beebalms in crowded, poorly ventilated plantings, but this species shows resistance. Prune stems to improve airflow, and expect severe cases may need fungicidal sprays. Drought-stressed plants become more susceptible to disease.

Rust. Rust can also be a problem.

The aromatic leaves may be used in teas. The flowers are listed as a good cut flower.