Dandelion

Dandelion is a perennial plant in the daisy family, native to Eurasia and now naturalized across much of the Northern Hemisphere. One reference calls it a short-lived perennial. Plants usually grow about 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm) tall and 6 inches to 2 feet (15 to 61 cm) wide.

Many gardeners treat dandelion as a weed, but its bright yellow flowers give nectar to bees and other pollinators early in spring.

Sowing. Timing differs between references. One starts sowing 4 to 6 weeks before the last frost and continues through late summer. A seed company advises direct sowing anytime after the last spring frost. Sow seed shallowly, on the soil surface or lightly covered, because the seed needs some light to germinate.

Germination. Seed usually sprouts in about 7 to 21 days and does better in cool soil. One reference reports germination in ten days at 55 °F (13 °C).

Spacing and transplanting. Space the plants 6 to 9 inches (15 to 23 cm) apart in rows about 12 inches (30 cm) apart. You can start seedlings in a cold frame or indoors and move them into pots deep enough for the taproot, then plant them out in early summer. A seed company notes that transplanting disturbs the root shape, so avoid it if you want roots.

Light. Dandelion grows in full sun or partial shade.

Pick the flower heads before they go to seed. This keeps energy in the roots and leaves and reduces later weeding. Mowing before flowers mature also helps limit seed spread.

Dandelions reseed prolifically and their deep taproots make them hard to remove. Small root pieces can regrow into new plants. Dandelions are usually a problem only in lawns that are not growing vigorously enough to compete with them. The profile reports no significant insect or disease problems.

Pick young, tender leaves for the mildest flavor. Later in the season, and in heat or dry weather, the leaves become bitter. Roots can be dug in early spring. Pick blossoms early in the season and use them right away, since they close quickly.

Dandelion sap can cause skin irritation and contact dermatitis in sensitive people. The database lists a low poison severity, mainly from skin exposure to the sap. Wash leaves and flowers before eating them, and don’t use plants treated with pesticides or growing near roads. Eat roots in moderation, because they are reported to act as a diuretic and a laxative. Cats and dogs: avoid growing dandelions where pets may come into contact with them.